Appendix D Detailed VOC coefficients (uninterrupted flow)

Table 41: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	21.65553	0.682568	8.926626	1.86E-05	0.029245	0.000812	0.040681
02. Medium Car	28.58679	0.689129	10.27355	1.43E-05	0.027139	0.000945	0.030451
03. Large Car	37.23451	0.714542	10.81935	1.09E-05	0.023979	0.001031	0.020684
04. Courier Van-Utility	32.14678	0.671992	8.085664	1.53E-05	0.039596	0.002492	0.023847
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	35.49258	0.704089	7.16007	1.45E-05	0.034579	0.0021	0.0163
06. Light Rigid	44.70851	0.690409	5.571115	2.38E-05	0.042392	0.001879	0.013114
07. Medium Rigid	51.70626	0.64653	8.310133	2.08E-05	0.037528	0.001762	0.010923
08. Heavy Rigid	64.34463	0.45218	10.40255	3.42E-05	0.082007	0.000232	0.006585
09. Heavy Bus	100.1854	0.599271	9.039805	1.14E-05	0.066026	0.001052	0.004438
10. Artic 4 Axle	86.46287	0.443656	9.169067	3.51E-05	0.087456	0.000257	0.006451
11. Artic 5 Axle	95.65238	0.48678	8.851208	3.03E-05	0.083934	0.000404	0.004411
12. Artic 6 Axle	103.6022	0.491922	8.586421	2.8E-05	0.085237	0.000367	0.004082
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	109.6991	0.507333	7.403231	2.75E-05	0.081194	0.000107	0.003943
14. B-Double	121.4093	0.483655	7.876344	2.41E-05	0.091051	0.000148	0.003567
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	120.4225	0.501057	7.606813	2.45E-05	0.085776	0.000191	0.003593
16. A-Double	146.9991	0.477559	7.54018	1.95E-05	0.096147	8.86E-05	0.002989
17. B Triple	170.3634	0.488334	7.864302	1.58E-05	0.097835	0.000332	0.00258
18. A B Combination	166.3673	0.475805	7.006039	1.75E-05	0.09811	-5.2E-05	0.002671
19. A-Triple	186.8652	0.480136	6.884288	1.56E-05	0.099253	-2E-05	0.002393
20. Double B-Double	189.7076	0.479935	6.579042	1.57E-05	0.098984	-0.00013	0.002361

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 0

Curvature = 20° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 42: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	21.66246	0.684502	8.768415	1.8E-05	0.0298	0.000759	0.043477
02. Medium Car	28.60306	0.691181	10.09801	1.36E-05	0.027718	0.000888	0.033003
03. Large Car	37.27617	0.716756	10.61812	1.02E-05	0.024594	0.000968	0.022989
04. Courier Van-Utility	32.16708	0.664829	8.087403	1.6E-05	0.039782	0.002468	0.026789
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	35.52194	0.698627	7.155194	1.51E-05	0.03476	0.002075	0.017918
06. Light Rigid	44.70767	0.690012	5.494819	2.35E-05	0.042572	0.001863	0.014156
07. Medium Rigid	51.73376	0.627128	8.480745	2.37E-05	0.037502	0.001748	0.012201
08. Heavy Rigid	64.40828	0.424878	10.71108	3.87E-05	0.081776	0.000231	0.007219
09. Heavy Bus	100.4786	0.580512	9.200564	1.41E-05	0.065886	0.001041	0.004881
10. Artic 4 Axle	86.53048	0.425281	9.182197	3.8E-05	0.087723	0.000201	0.007054
11. Artic 5 Axle	95.73909	0.476725	8.757648	3.15E-05	0.085014	0.000297	0.004718
12. Artic 6 Axle	103.705	0.482078	8.490884	2.91E-05	0.086408	0.000254	0.004347
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	109.8207	0.488207	7.50567	3.09E-05	0.081612	4.8E-05	0.004173
14. B-Double	121.5633	0.465999	7.944521	2.71E-05	0.091667	7.45E-05	0.003769
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	120.5663	0.481958	7.696449	2.79E-05	0.086353	0.000121	0.003803
16. A-Double	147.2284	0.456474	7.683767	2.33E-05	0.096413	3.98E-05	0.003152
17. B Triple	170.9616	0.469714	7.934173	1.88E-05	0.098067	0.000272	0.002716
18. A B Combination	166.669	0.453332	7.19835	2.21E-05	0.097883	-7E-05	0.002803
19. A-Triple	187.6023	0.459523	7.026224	2E-05	0.098623	-3E-05	0.002496
20. Double B-Double	190.2648	0.458884	6.752736	2.04E-05	0.098383	-0.00013	0.002462

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 0

Curvature = 120° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 43: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	21.71945	0.683456	8.407408	1.71E-05	0.030865	0.000661	0.052795
02. Medium Car	28.72457	0.690163	9.662748	1.25E-05	0.028907	0.000775	0.041417
03. Large Car	37.54378	0.714285	10.12023	8.86E-06	0.02584	0.000841	0.030385
04. Courier Van-Utility	32.32619	0.633967	8.075438	1.94E-05	0.04055	0.002375	0.038047
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	35.75135	0.673498	7.158748	1.88E-05	0.03548	0.00198	0.023408
06. Light Rigid	44.76709	0.674658	5.507015	2.61E-05	0.04269	0.001842	0.017887
07. Medium Rigid	51.97566	0.536519	9.219307	4.04E-05	0.038001	0.00166	0.017562
08. Heavy Rigid	65.10272	0.315792	11.51216	6.06E-05	0.082456	8.04E-05	0.009849
09. Heavy Bus	102.6137	0.507817	9.463476	2.61E-05	0.065828	0.000909	0.006612
10. Artic 4 Axle	87.24572	0.307459	9.952775	6.38E-05	0.088664	5.16E-05	0.009361
11. Artic 5 Axle	96.62218	0.410379	9.087996	4.74E-05	0.086043	0.000147	0.005655
12. Artic 6 Axle	104.7388	0.417303	8.814774	4.47E-05	0.087314	0.000108	0.005151
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	111.0581	0.393219	8.234647	5.47E-05	0.082283	-9E-05	0.004926
14. B-Double	123.0926	0.377369	8.57147	4.9E-05	0.092193	-6.7E-05	0.004422
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	122.0029	0.387692	8.401896	5.13E-05	0.086992	-2.2E-05	0.004488
16. A-Double	149.4775	0.356311	8.437562	4.78E-05	0.096563	-9.6E-05	0.003699
17. B Triple	174.0196	0.380161	8.518252	4E-05	0.097964	0.000135	0.003171
18. A B Combination	169.4884	0.337568	8.153897	5.05E-05	0.097681	-0.0002	0.003287
19. A-Triple	190.8301	0.338299	8.043317	4.98E-05	0.098255	-0.00015	0.002936
20. Double B-Double	193.6681	0.335128	7.809177	5.09E-05	0.097887	-0.00024	0.002889

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 0

Curvature = 300° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 44: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	21.77701	0.676646	8.84071	1.78E-05	0.029251	0.00078	0.055107
02. Medium Car	28.77737	0.684136	10.14324	1.34E-05	0.027084	0.000915	0.042771
03. Large Car	37.48681	0.709327	10.69816	1.01E-05	0.023856	0.001009	0.030947
04. Courier Van-Utility	32.54266	0.656055	8.087261	1.16E-05	0.038363	0.002476	0.051734
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	35.89298	0.699215	7.008638	1.28E-05	0.034033	0.002077	0.025696
06. Light Rigid	45.38901	0.666827	6.029789	1.99E-05	0.040338	0.00193	0.033109
07. Medium Rigid	52.2994	0.615392	8.454842	1.31E-05	0.035675	0.001824	0.029213
08. Heavy Rigid	70.52667	0.40264	9.203288	1.02E-05	0.072624	0.000369	0.025286
09. Heavy Bus	107.7354	0.583615	7.384707	-5E-06	0.062057	0.000904	0.01559
10. Artic 4 Axle	93.7909	0.324703	9.439323	2.06E-05	0.081556	0.000253	0.021187
11. Artic 5 Axle	103.9641	0.362538	8.677248	1.59E-05	0.079564	0.000287	0.017641
12. Artic 6 Axle	113.1935	0.372582	8.09736	1.25E-05	0.080523	0.000215	0.016133
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	122.7591	0.364701	6.979721	1.2E-05	0.074484	-4E-05	0.015089
14. B-Double	135.7933	0.356468	7.08738	7.06E-06	0.083405	8.51E-06	0.013615
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	135.0691	0.35734	7.031495	9.86E-06	0.078876	3.72E-05	0.013819
16. A-Double	170.3588	0.36611	6.362374	-4.2E-08	0.084517	-5.3E-05	0.010825
17. B Triple	197.0098	0.393853	6.489415	-4.1E-06	0.085982	0.00017	0.009303
18. A B Combination	199.4189	0.368899	5.874719	-3.1E-06	0.082276	-0.00014	0.008982
19. A-Triple	227.1595	0.372549	5.871347	-4.1E-06	0.081963	-0.00012	0.007827
20. Double B-Double	233.9273	0.359344	5.642749	-2.8E-06	0.080346	-0.00019	0.007639

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 40m/km Curvature = 20° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 45: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	21.78375	0.678144	8.701279	1.73E-05	0.029765	0.000732	0.057671
02. Medium Car	28.79335	0.685639	9.990258	1.28E-05	0.027607	0.000865	0.045124
03. Large Car	37.52777	0.710864	10.52145	9.44E-06	0.024393	0.000955	0.033158
04. Courier Van-Utility	32.56191	0.654997	7.993459	1.13E-05	0.03886	0.002429	0.053305
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	35.92078	0.695503	6.97774	1.32E-05	0.034346	0.002043	0.026956
06. Light Rigid	45.38908	0.676261	5.763052	1.78E-05	0.040911	0.001884	0.033457
07. Medium Rigid	52.33585	0.626162	8.130709	1.16E-05	0.035909	0.001778	0.029486
08. Heavy Rigid	70.6196	0.406985	9.073364	9.76E-06	0.072419	0.000362	0.025295
09. Heavy Bus	108.45	0.577681	7.362434	-4.5E-06	0.061632	0.000899	0.015528
10. Artic 4 Axle	93.67407	0.356962	8.785326	1.52E-05	0.081088	0.000245	0.021264
11. Artic 5 Axle	104.0333	0.391645	8.065266	1.17E-05	0.078761	0.000286	0.017668
12. Artic 6 Axle	113.4547	0.397737	7.535838	9E-06	0.079532	0.00022	0.016145
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	123.4886	0.37206	6.711033	1.19E-05	0.072961	5E-06	0.015069
14. B-Double	137.3535	0.354016	6.924007	8.54E-06	0.081304	6.52E-05	0.013544
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	135.9043	0.361419	6.825939	1.05E-05	0.077204	9.1E-05	0.013803
16. A-Double	173.2381	0.358887	6.203839	2.04E-06	0.082041	5.2E-06	0.010723
17. B Triple	200.406	0.388494	6.280163	-2.9E-06	0.083661	0.000211	0.009211
18. A B Combination	202.3999	0.368241	5.622275	-2.6E-06	0.080238	-9.8E-05	0.008904
19. A-Triple	230.3998	0.374513	5.577195	-4.4E-06	0.080046	-8.3E-05	0.007765
20. Double B-Double	237.0755	0.360484	5.377519	-2.7E-06	0.078522	-0.00015	0.007585

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 40m/km

Curvature = 120° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 46: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	21.83955	0.67651	8.368516	1.65E-05	0.030691	0.000646	0.066877
02. Medium Car	28.91282	0.684208	9.581405	1.16E-05	0.028669	0.000763	0.053384
03. Large Car	37.79151	0.708847	10.03177	7.99E-06	0.025576	0.000834	0.040302
04. Courier Van-Utility	32.71224	0.636675	7.853893	1.29E-05	0.039885	0.002318	0.06108
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	36.13688	0.67246	6.971711	1.64E-05	0.034999	0.001958	0.032129
06. Light Rigid	45.44968	0.681482	5.43677	1.65E-05	0.041368	0.001832	0.035492
07. Medium Rigid	52.66385	0.627908	7.642323	1.23E-05	0.036157	0.001693	0.030682
08. Heavy Rigid	71.34569	0.41848	8.511501	9.6E-06	0.07181	0.000302	0.025287
09. Heavy Bus	111.128	0.554634	7.216613	-1.3E-06	0.060151	0.000872	0.015511
10. Artic 4 Axle	94.85839	0.374609	8.127238	1.38E-05	0.079939	0.000191	0.021131
11. Artic 5 Axle	105.0509	0.418287	7.29351	8.38E-06	0.078038	0.000219	0.017553
12. Artic 6 Axle	114.611	0.418395	6.868454	6.86E-06	0.078712	0.000162	0.016059
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	125.3302	0.368537	6.482005	1.56E-05	0.071479	-8.6E-06	0.014917
14. B-Double	140.0574	0.348429	6.675514	1.21E-05	0.079379	5.03E-05	0.013344
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	138.0403	0.361274	6.530508	1.34E-05	0.075656	7.15E-05	0.01364
16. A-Double	177.2015	0.345133	6.049153	6.78E-06	0.079958	-4.5E-06	0.010557
17. B Triple	204.9486	0.378299	6.051701	3E-07	0.08165	0.000194	0.00907
18. A B Combination	206.2298	0.36378	5.34831	-5.4E-07	0.078622	-0.00011	0.008795
19. A-Triple	234.3808	0.37476	5.235795	-3.9E-06	0.078593	-9.6E-05	0.007685
20. Double B-Double	240.9149	0.359891	5.070919	-1.9E-06	0.07717	-0.00016	0.007515

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 40m/km

Curvature = 300° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 47: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	21.99904	0.664673	8.686131	1.62E-05	0.028962	0.000757	0.081558
02. Medium Car	29.08416	0.670193	9.996327	1.17E-05	0.02705	0.000868	0.06638
03. Large Car	37.9282	0.701291	10.40397	8.85E-06	0.024018	0.000957	0.045478
04. Courier Van-Utility	33.27911	0.662872	7.026945	3.19E-06	0.038163	0.002393	0.090493
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	36.53044	0.668795	7.005041	9.45E-06	0.032973	0.002043	0.051212
06. Light Rigid	46.50147	0.649475	5.640557	1.25E-05	0.039829	0.001897	0.062145
07. Medium Rigid	53.46788	0.570361	8.304298	1.15E-05	0.035231	0.001781	0.047612
08. Heavy Rigid	77.71982	0.36783	8.316237	3.25E-06	0.066142	0.000361	0.036443
09. Heavy Bus	118.4576	0.557995	6.246492	-1.2E-05	0.056932	0.000828	0.021452
10. Artic 4 Axle	101.9191	0.334515	8.384086	4.46E-06	0.080324	-6.5E-05	0.029109
11. Artic 5 Axle	113.2533	0.337257	7.804495	6.74E-06	0.077856	-5.1E-06	0.025067
12. Artic 6 Axle	124.4025	0.332789	7.325255	5.54E-06	0.077725	-3.9E-05	0.022928
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	138.2292	0.31611	6.504697	6.97E-06	0.07062	-0.00027	0.02037
14. B-Double	155.0313	0.304834	6.545506	3.08E-06	0.076877	-0.00016	0.018098
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	152.528	0.303685	6.548808	5.98E-06	0.074454	-0.00018	0.01871
16. A-Double	201.5084	0.292156	6.046875	-1.1E-06	0.075173	-0.0002	0.013817
17. B Triple	232.772	0.323409	6.176226	-5.3E-06	0.07617	-3.3E-06	0.01175
18. A B Combination	240.1296	0.235502	6.146186	9.96E-06	0.072352	-0.00029	0.011499
19. A-Triple	274.9925	0.208613	6.337793	1.99E-05	0.071946	-0.00028	0.010137
20. Double B-Double	284.9464	0.192351	6.099853	2.32E-05	0.070245	-0.00033	0.009862

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 60m/km

Curvature = 20° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 48: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	22.00601	0.666305	8.541353	1.56E-05	0.029559	0.000705	0.083996
02. Medium Car	29.10209	0.671336	9.848264	1.11E-05	0.027616	0.000817	0.068691
03. Large Car	37.96987	0.701303	10.25833	8.29E-06	0.024517	0.000908	0.04786
04. Courier Van-Utility	33.30684	0.663352	6.909507	2.58E-06	0.038483	0.002361	0.091965
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	36.55789	0.667906	6.9267	9.35E-06	0.0334	0.002001	0.052086
06. Light Rigid	46.5146	0.659024	5.36819	1.04E-05	0.040041	0.001867	0.062845
07. Medium Rigid	53.50391	0.582655	8.00768	9.82E-06	0.035175	0.001759	0.047656
08. Heavy Rigid	78.21084	0.363399	8.274425	4.36E-06	0.065315	0.000376	0.036344
09. Heavy Bus	119.0811	0.553513	6.223668	-1.2E-05	0.056618	0.000824	0.021397
10. Artic 4 Axle	103.6091	0.339222	7.937484	5.84E-06	0.076856	4.32E-05	0.028979
11. Artic 5 Axle	115.3691	0.332103	7.560967	9.77E-06	0.074311	0.000107	0.024853
12. Artic 6 Axle	126.8047	0.324508	7.148264	8.93E-06	0.074217	7.21E-05	0.022713
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	140.6703	0.314987	6.218685	9.23E-06	0.06761	-0.00017	0.020169
14. B-Double	157.8807	0.303911	6.250501	4.91E-06	0.073914	-8E-05	0.017903
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	155.3684	0.301915	6.271591	8.27E-06	0.071336	-8.4E-05	0.018502
16. A-Double	205.2756	0.293294	5.708607	-7.3E-08	0.072554	-0.00013	0.013669
17. B Triple	237.1165	0.324911	5.821274	-5E-06	0.073702	5.15E-05	0.011629
18. A B Combination	244.1029	0.233969	5.873942	1.25E-05	0.070056	-0.00022	0.01141
19. A-Triple	279.3868	0.206103	6.07951	2.35E-05	0.069718	-0.00021	0.010072
20. Double B-Double	289.2979	0.189086	5.865461	2.74E-05	0.068116	-0.00026	0.009805

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 60m/km

Curvature = 120° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 49: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	22.06228	0.661241	8.268551	1.5E-05	0.030286	0.000636	0.094462
02. Medium Car	29.23015	0.666432	9.514375	1.03E-05	0.028396	0.000738	0.077433
03. Large Car	38.22448	0.695569	9.881117	7.47E-06	0.02534	0.000819	0.055124
04. Courier Van-Utility	33.48581	0.652607	6.723518	2.77E-06	0.038603	0.002315	0.098023
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	36.77218	0.653111	6.848594	1.13E-05	0.034137	0.001909	0.055317
06. Light Rigid	46.58444	0.669546	4.985933	8.23E-06	0.040114	0.001832	0.064465
07. Medium Rigid	53.82781	0.5979	7.455479	8.33E-06	0.035094	0.001703	0.047741
08. Heavy Rigid	79.98585	0.349089	8.094219	8.75E-06	0.063419	0.000359	0.035842
09. Heavy Bus	121.3877	0.539979	6.108798	-1E-05	0.055529	0.000807	0.021104
10. Artic 4 Axle	106.1258	0.336365	7.431609	8.82E-06	0.074663	1.16E-05	0.028651
11. Artic 5 Axle	117.8632	0.325309	7.239637	1.38E-05	0.072274	8.71E-05	0.024536
12. Artic 6 Axle	129.4914	0.316251	6.885916	1.32E-05	0.072215	5.61E-05	0.022418
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	143.5687	0.306699	5.961026	1.38E-05	0.06588	-0.00019	0.019911
14. B-Double	161.2538	0.297547	5.959541	8.6E-06	0.072075	-9.4E-05	0.017656
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	158.6605	0.294216	6.007304	1.26E-05	0.069504	-9.8E-05	0.018247
16. A-Double	208.9125	0.293723	5.348433	1.23E-06	0.071116	-0.00015	0.013535
17. B Triple	241.2634	0.327452	5.422062	-5E-06	0.072303	3.46E-05	0.011523
18. A B Combination	247.7097	0.231323	5.600193	1.57E-05	0.068853	-0.00023	0.011343
19. A-Triple	283.297	0.201802	5.833249	2.81E-05	0.068569	-0.00022	0.010028
20. Double B-Double	293.1199	0.183905	5.645777	3.28E-05	0.067041	-0.00027	0.009769

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 60m/km

Curvature = 300° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 50: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	22.32029	0.638351	8.457562	1.23E-05	0.027831	0.000778	0.143898
02. Medium Car	29.54708	0.647921	9.606611	7.5E-06	0.025998	0.000885	0.118559
03. Large Car	38.5286	0.668705	10.23459	6.15E-06	0.02321	0.00095	0.086986
04. Courier Van-Utility	34.39707	0.665203	6.168753	-2.5E-06	0.037322	0.002296	0.122428
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	37.44664	0.653816	6.274919	3.18E-06	0.032933	0.001947	0.083961
06. Light Rigid	48.32419	0.633581	5.205566	6.13E-06	0.038719	0.001833	0.089417
07. Medium Rigid	55.73066	0.556715	7.647288	6.76E-06	0.033555	0.001731	0.062744
08. Heavy Rigid	87.04416	0.326628	7.840715	-8.2E-08	0.058713	0.000373	0.045384
09. Heavy Bus	130.9259	0.517569	5.374209	-1.9E-05	0.05248	0.000721	0.027006
10. Artic 4 Axle	114.7653	0.271576	8.329702	2.75E-06	0.076418	-0.0003	0.035503
11. Artic 5 Axle	126.5033	0.284345	7.573163	4.62E-06	0.074211	-0.00022	0.030814
12. Artic 6 Axle	139.8735	0.279081	7.045395	3.54E-06	0.073406	-0.00024	0.0281
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	157.9544	0.222609	6.596106	1.08E-05	0.066897	-0.00048	0.024937
14. B-Double	178.6784	0.215884	6.565731	6.81E-06	0.071298	-0.00033	0.021873
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	174.9632	0.214012	6.557188	9.13E-06	0.070041	-0.00037	0.022825
16. A-Double	238.4183	0.160724	6.371468	1.62E-05	0.068295	-0.00037	0.016513
17. B Triple	274.7751	0.190647	6.511399	1.44E-05	0.068886	-0.00019	0.014052
18. A B Combination	287.2938	0.093365	6.269776	4.18E-05	0.065126	-0.00043	0.01373
19. A-Triple	330.0979	0.057983	6.350494	6.3E-05	0.06472	-0.00043	0.012193
20. Double B-Double	342.8597	0.044589	6.063738	6.58E-05	0.063091	-0.00046	0.011863

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 80m/km

Curvature = 20° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 51: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	22.32697	0.641807	8.269515	1.13E-05	0.028512	0.000719	0.146273
02. Medium Car	29.56498	0.650962	9.419935	6.49E-06	0.026658	0.000828	0.120565
03. Large Car	38.56945	0.67069	10.0717	5.39E-06	0.023698	0.000903	0.08863
04. Courier Van-Utility	34.41717	0.665134	6.114566	-2.7E-06	0.037424	0.002283	0.123191
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	37.48462	0.652532	6.188863	2.87E-06	0.03319	0.001918	0.085227
06. Light Rigid	48.35548	0.642527	4.953744	4.27E-06	0.038699	0.001816	0.090075
07. Medium Rigid	55.83282	0.566727	7.391364	5.24E-06	0.033408	0.001716	0.062659
08. Heavy Rigid	87.6042	0.324329	7.742817	9.34E-07	0.057892	0.000386	0.045266
09. Heavy Bus	131.5805	0.513865	5.338644	-1.9E-05	0.052177	0.000718	0.026959
10. Artic 4 Axle	116.7518	0.289501	7.602208	1.77E-06	0.072561	-0.00017	0.035395
11. Artic 5 Axle	129.0754	0.29081	7.073729	5.9E-06	0.070458	-0.0001	0.030501
12. Artic 6 Axle	142.7644	0.281918	6.629753	5.41E-06	0.069767	-0.00013	0.027789
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	161.3933	0.225096	6.184062	1.34E-05	0.063437	-0.00037	0.024627
14. B-Double	182.5335	0.218687	6.157842	8.82E-06	0.067992	-0.00023	0.0216
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	178.7906	0.217036	6.146929	1.13E-05	0.066579	-0.00026	0.022525
16. A-Double	242.9603	0.160989	6.030128	1.96E-05	0.065524	-0.00029	0.016369
17. B Triple	279.914	0.189731	6.180801	1.78E-05	0.066279	-0.00011	0.013947
18. A B Combination	292.0358	0.091031	5.9934	4.78E-05	0.062755	-0.00036	0.013654
19. A-Triple	335.3136	0.055492	6.077929	7.03E-05	0.062449	-0.00035	0.012142
20. Double B-Double	348.0381	0.042062	5.805791	7.33E-05	0.060937	-0.00039	0.011818

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 80m/km

Curvature = 120° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 52: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	22.38143	0.641919	7.879913	9.44E-06	0.029429	0.000635	0.156696
02. Medium Car	29.69182	0.648861	9.001802	4.56E-06	0.027539	0.000742	0.130199
03. Large Car	38.8192	0.670697	9.608563	3.45E-06	0.024681	0.000803	0.094646
04. Courier Van-Utility	34.81281	0.651523	6.034396	-1.8E-06	0.036948	0.002255	0.12507
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	37.73343	0.638046	6.079566	3.84E-06	0.033271	0.001873	0.089452
06. Light Rigid	48.44158	0.653145	4.597237	2.11E-06	0.038742	0.001782	0.091215
07. Medium Rigid	56.27631	0.57908	6.930505	3.53E-06	0.033252	0.001667	0.062272
08. Heavy Rigid	89.50594	0.312607	7.486763	5.24E-06	0.056257	0.00036	0.044757
09. Heavy Bus	133.6075	0.503993	5.218436	-1.8E-05	0.051394	0.0007	0.026739
10. Artic 4 Axle	119.5508	0.297748	6.87023	2.13E-06	0.070533	-0.0002	0.035065
11. Artic 5 Axle	132.0805	0.290389	6.585823	8.6E-06	0.068486	-0.00012	0.030096
12. Artic 6 Axle	145.978	0.278896	6.227653	8.68E-06	0.067864	-0.00015	0.027418
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	164.4562	0.222897	5.824035	1.73E-05	0.061913	-0.00038	0.024372
14. B-Double	185.9548	0.218824	5.77149	1.16E-05	0.06646	-0.00025	0.021377
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	182.2284	0.216209	5.770886	1.47E-05	0.065008	-0.00027	0.022275
16. A-Double	246.7058	0.159216	5.718427	2.36E-05	0.06429	-0.00029	0.016273
17. B Triple	284.2144	0.18755	5.868173	2.16E-05	0.065062	-0.00012	0.013882
18. A B Combination	295.88	0.085138	5.766814	5.58E-05	0.061711	-0.00036	0.013615
19. A-Triple	339.5336	0.048769	5.861335	8.05E-05	0.061447	-0.00036	0.012121
20. Double B-Double	352.1919	0.035376	5.601985	8.38E-05	0.060003	-0.00039	0.011802

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 80m/km

Curvature = 300° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 53: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	22.81627	0.627319	7.643341	6.92E-06	0.028055	0.000705	0.20589
02. Medium Car	30.20063	0.644851	8.719775	2.43E-06	0.026478	0.000794	0.163829
03. Large Car	39.24362	0.660818	9.473121	1.82E-06	0.023633	0.000871	0.126488
04. Courier Van-Utility	35.57831	0.665382	5.605125	-7E-06	0.036163	0.002225	0.150318
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	38.80404	0.648079	5.5489	-1.7E-06	0.032353	0.001845	0.109026
06. Light Rigid	50.1137	0.620951	4.946638	-5.3E-07	0.038724	0.001726	0.115411
07. Medium Rigid	57.99632	0.538815	7.220077	3.67E-06	0.032788	0.001639	0.077111
08. Heavy Rigid	98.67556	0.291459	7.481891	-2.8E-06	0.051638	0.000357	0.051733
09. Heavy Bus	144.9163	0.487704	4.678601	-2.7E-05	0.048637	0.000598	0.031136
10. Artic 4 Axle	128.0443	0.171373	8.807071	1.02E-05	0.074862	-0.00058	0.042077
11. Artic 5 Axle	141.1906	0.20947	7.63609	6.6E-06	0.071933	-0.00046	0.036247
12. Artic 6 Axle	157.2348	0.208761	7.029486	4.85E-06	0.070435	-0.00046	0.032804
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	181.2452	0.109501	6.823851	2.38E-05	0.064108	-0.0007	0.028924
14. B-Double	206.289	0.104754	6.767036	2.07E-05	0.066995	-0.00051	0.025187
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	201.3527	0.100599	6.782692	2.16E-05	0.066797	-0.00057	0.026432
16. A-Double	280.1225	0.043377	6.393418	4.28E-05	0.063198	-0.00053	0.018866
17. B Triple	321.998	0.072114	6.514677	4.5E-05	0.063405	-0.00035	0.016119
18. A B Combination	338.0546	-0.02639	6.083074	8.04E-05	0.060235	-0.00058	0.015826
19. A-Triple	387.5931	-0.06585	6.067933	0.000111	0.060247	-0.00058	0.014208
20. Double B-Double	404.5929	-0.07896	5.770779	0.000116	0.058498	-0.00059	0.013767

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 100m/km

Curvature = 20° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 54: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	22.81554	0.627435	7.49654	6.1E-06	0.028571	0.00066	0.210537
02. Medium Car	30.20508	0.643619	8.605099	1.81E-06	0.026854	0.000761	0.167811
03. Large Car	39.28052	0.659219	9.341566	1.17E-06	0.024045	0.000833	0.129886
04. Courier Van-Utility	35.77219	0.659108	5.599225	-6.6E-06	0.035854	0.002219	0.15043
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	38.89505	0.6453	5.499904	-1.7E-06	0.032331	0.001833	0.109869
06. Light Rigid	50.1144	0.621236	4.843372	-1.3E-07	0.038263	0.001738	0.117116
07. Medium Rigid	58.34971	0.537036	7.115011	4.16E-06	0.032143	0.001645	0.076914
08. Heavy Rigid	99.12405	0.29389	7.315553	-2.6E-06	0.050961	0.000368	0.051688
09. Heavy Bus	145.6107	0.484786	4.630706	-2.7E-05	0.048332	0.000596	0.031092
10. Artic 4 Axle	132.1239	0.185519	7.930512	1.17E-05	0.069352	-0.0004	0.04155
11. Artic 5 Axle	145.1345	0.21772	6.998913	8.39E-06	0.067354	-0.00031	0.035692
12. Artic 6 Axle	161.4171	0.214724	6.477981	6.9E-06	0.066183	-0.00033	0.032304
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	185.416	0.114045	6.356816	2.76E-05	0.060424	-0.00057	0.028577
14. B-Double	210.8751	0.108771	6.325143	2.42E-05	0.063541	-0.00039	0.024898
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	205.9388	0.105651	6.324165	2.5E-05	0.063156	-0.00044	0.026101
16. A-Double	285.4486	0.044214	6.032881	4.86E-05	0.060379	-0.00043	0.018736
17. B Triple	327.9357	0.071027	6.176734	5.14E-05	0.060765	-0.00026	0.016034
18. A B Combination	343.5652	-0.02654	5.772979	8.84E-05	0.057879	-0.00049	0.015762
19. A-Triple	393.6301	-0.06558	5.76171	0.00012	0.058006	-0.0005	0.014167
20. Double B-Double	410.5981	-0.07881	5.481441	0.000126	0.056377	-0.00052	0.013732

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 100m/km

Curvature = 120° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.

Table 55: Coefficients for rural (uninterrupted/free flow speed) VOC model (cents per km)

Vehicle type	Base VOC (c/km)	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6
01. Small Car	22.83076	0.618246	7.30516	5.54E-06	0.028755	0.000632	0.225616
02. Medium Car	30.35869	0.632992	8.37936	1.15E-06	0.02695	0.000731	0.178449
03. Large Car	39.54573	0.648595	9.047941	1.89E-07	0.024288	0.000789	0.13924
04. Courier Van-Utility	36.31417	0.643701	5.521223	-5.6E-06	0.035194	0.002189	0.150954
05. 4WD Mid Size Petrol	39.30201	0.629316	5.474172	-3E-07	0.031918	0.001813	0.111811
06. Light Rigid	50.51551	0.615503	4.671897	1.04E-06	0.037672	0.001715	0.118443
07. Medium Rigid	59.11182	0.534888	6.854957	4.96E-06	0.03151	0.001613	0.076259
08. Heavy Rigid	100.8667	0.293957	6.877132	-6.2E-07	0.049736	0.000336	0.051313
09. Heavy Bus	147.5751	0.478312	4.46454	-2.6E-05	0.047698	0.000577	0.030939
10. Artic 4 Axle	135.4435	0.193477	7.168291	1.37E-05	0.067231	-0.00042	0.041229
11. Artic 5 Axle	148.4371	0.221801	6.426378	1.06E-05	0.065482	-0.00033	0.035283
12. Artic 6 Axle	164.8885	0.217463	5.974856	9.29E-06	0.064436	-0.00034	0.031935
13. Rigid + 5 Axle Dog	188.665	0.112824	5.989117	3.29E-05	0.059023	-0.00058	0.028349
14. B-Double	214.4745	0.108823	5.951336	2.86E-05	0.06216	-0.0004	0.02471
15. Twin steer + 5 Axle Dog	209.5405	0.105984	5.942593	2.95E-05	0.061733	-0.00045	0.02588
16. A-Double	289.4952	0.040729	5.745942	5.62E-05	0.059265	-0.00044	0.018672
17. B Triple	332.5626	0.06612	5.901342	5.98E-05	0.059667	-0.00027	0.016001
18. A B Combination	347.7601	-0.03191	5.538538	1E-04	0.056944	-0.00049	0.015743
19. A-Triple	398.2401	-0.07095	5.531043	0.000134	0.05711	-0.0005	0.014162
20. Double B-Double	415.1446	-0.08417	5.263537	0.00014	0.055545	-0.00052	0.013732

Road width = 8.5m

RF = 100m/km

Curvature = 300° / km

Source: ARRB Group Ltd.